Water
Water or Hydrogen oxide, H2O perhaps after oxygen the most important compound on Earth, without which life as we know it would be impossible. Over 70% of the Earth is covered with water and more is locked in the polar ice caps and glaciers. There is estimated to be some 1 · 5 million million million tonnes of water in the Earth's crust.
There is a constant exchange of water between the ground and the atmosphere, this being known as the water cycle. The presence of more or less water vapour in the atmosphere has a profound effect on the weather. Chemically, water is an excellent solvent. It has a pH when pure of 7, being neither acidic nor basic. It freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C under normal pressure. It is chemically similar to hydrogen sulphide, H2S, and should theoretically also be a gas at room temperature. but it is less volatile due to hydrogen bonding.
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