Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between the forces acting on a body and the motion they produce.

The first law, the law of inertia, states that a body remains in the state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted on by an external force.

The second law states that the rate of change of velocity-that is, the acceleration (a)-- produced by a force is proportional to that force (F) and inversely proportional to the mass (m) of the body:

a = F/m or F = ma.

The third law states that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Kirchoff's Laws

Kirchhoff's Laws Of electric circuits; in any network of wires the sum of all the currents going into a junction is the same as the sum of all the currents going out (junction theorem). In a closed circuit, or loop, the sum of the emfs is equal to the sum of the voltages across each of the Resistances (loop equation).

Kirchhoff's circuit laws are a pair of laws that deal with the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff. Widely used in electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply Kirchhoff's laws.

Both circuit rules can be directly derived from Maxwell's equations, but Kirchhoff preceded Maxwell and instead generalized work by Georg Ohm.

Source : wikipedia

OHM's Law

Ohm's Law The potential difference (V) between the ends of a conductor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it. V=IR, Where R is the electrical resistance. Georg Simon Ohm established the law in 1827

See Wikipedia

Inverse square law

Inverse square law A law in which the effect of something (light intensity, gravity,electrical charge) Varies inversely as the square of its distance away. For example, the light intensity from a source 20 metres away will be only one-quarter that when the source is 10 metres away. The distance is doubled, therefore, the effect is reduced to a ¼ :

½² = ¼

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Quantum

Quantum In physics, a basic unit, or packet of energy or other physical property. The quantum theory was put forward by the German physicist Max Planck in 1900 to explain the precise way radiation is emitted by a hot body. He suggested that radiation is emitted, not on a continuous stream, but in the form of discrete quanta.

The theory was developed further and provided the basis of the present discipline of quantum mechanics, which deals with the behaviour of all atomic particles and ather small-scale effects

Archimedes' Principle

Archimedean Screw : A device used in the middle East and elsewhere to raise water, thought to have been invented in the 200BC by the Greek scientist Archimedes (287-212 BC)

Archimedes' principle : When an object is immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas) , the apparent loss in its weight is equal to the weight of fluid it displaces

Bernoulli's theorem

Bernoulli's theorem states that in a moving ideal fluid the total energy remains constant. This energy is made up of the kinetic energy of motion, the potential energy due to gravity head of fluid, and the pressure energy.
The theorem indicates that when the pressure in a fluid decreases, the speed increases and vice versa. This explains, for example, how an aeroplane wing develops lift.
The theorem was developed by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738

Big Bang Theory

The now favoured theory of the origin of the Universe first put forward in 1927 by Georges Lemaitre. It considers that the universe came into existence some 15,000~20,000 million years ago when a highly compressed and intensely hot ball (primeval atom) of matter exploded.
The universe has been expanding ever since and will continue to do so.

Expanding universe a concept in astronomy that considers the universe as a whole to be getting bigger. There is evidence for it in the observation that most galaxies are receding from us, with the farthest ones travelling the fastest