Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Koch was a German doctor who founded bacteriology, the study of bacteria.
He identified the bacteria that cause such diseases as anthrax, cholera and tuberculosis.
He also studied malaria and concluded that it is caused by mosquito bites, at the same time as the British doctor Ronald Ross.
Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize in Medicine.


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Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910)

Schiaparelli was an Italian astronomer who believed he could see narrow lines on Mars.
He called them 'channels' meaning rivers or river beds. But his Italian word canali was mistranslated as 'canals', meaning artificial waterways.
American space probes have proved that there are no canals on Mars.


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